[Above: John F. Kennedy]
[Above: Hans Frank]
[Above: Anne Morrow Lindbergh]
[Above: Rudolf Hess]
[Above: Sir Stephen Henry Roberts]
...He is so transparently honest when he is weaving visions of his own creation that nobody can doubt him. He is ready, like a medieval saint, to go through fire and water for his beliefs... He sees himself as a crusader; he thinks the whole time of saving mankind. That is why he reaches such a stage of mystical exaltation when he talks about saving the world from Bolshevism. It is the old Siegfried complex once again. Just as the young German knight of old went out into the dim, dark forests to kill dragons, so he goes out to exterminate Bolshevism.'
-Sir Stephen Henry Roberts (February 16, 1901 - 1971) was an Australian academic, author, historian, international analyst and university vice-chancellor. Roberts visited Germany from 1935-1937 and interviewed Adolf Hitler, writing his impressions for his 1937 book 'The House That Hitler Built'. The above quotation is from said book.
[Above: Hans Siegel]
[Above: Johanna Wolf]
[Above: William Lyon Mackenzie King]
[Above: Joseph Goebbels]
[Above: Leon Degrelle]
[Above: Lloyd George]
[Above: Jurgen Stroop]
[Above: Sven Hedin]
[Above: Col. General Alfred Jodl]
[Above: Idi Amin Dada]
[Above: Joachim von Ribbentrop]
[Above: Muhammad Anwar El Sadat]
[Above: Norwegian author extraordinaire Knut Hamsun]
I'm not worthy to speak up for Adolf Hitler, and to any sentimental rousing his life and deeds do not invite.
Hitler was a warrior, a warrior for humankind and a preacher of the gospel of justice for all nations.
He was a reforming character of the highest order, and his historical fate was that he functioned in a time of unequalled brutality, which in the end felled him.
Thus may the ordinary Western European look at Adolf Hitler. And we, his close followers, bow our heads at his death...'
-Knut Hamsun, at the age of 86, the Nobel laureate novelist wrote this eulogy of Adolf Hitler in the newspaper Aftenposten in 1945.
[Above: Leni Riefenstahl]
[Above: Per Engdahl]
[Above: Prabhupada]
[Above: Paula Hitler]
[Above: Victor Ridder]
[Above: Dr. Noureddine Tarraf]
[Above: Hermann Göring]
[Above: George Orwell]
[Above: Hamburger Zeitung]
[Above: Rev. Franklin Nathaniel Daniel Buchman]
[Above: Hans-Ulrich Rudel]
[Above: James Addison Baker]
[Above: Gertrud Sholtz-Klink]
[Above: Louis Bertrand]
[Above: Arno Breker]
[Above: Ben Klassen]
[Above: Nicolaus von Below]
[Above: Harold Sidney Harmsworth]
[Above: Baldur von Schirach]
[Above: Louis Farrakhan]
[Above: Julius Streicher]
...for the first time, I saw Adolf Hitler and heard him speak. I felt it: in this moment, fate had called me for the second time! I rushed through the cheering masses to the podium and now stood in front of him: "Mr. Hitler! I am Julius Streicher! At this hour I know it: I can only be a helper, but you are the Führer! I hereby hand over to you the folk movement created by me in Franconia.
Questioning, he gazed at me from the blue depth of his eyes. There were long seconds. But then, he took my hands with great warmth: "Streicher, I thank you!"
So fate had called me the second time. But this time it was the greatest call in my life.'
-Julius Streicher's Political Testament: My Affirmation, Mondorf, House of Internees, August 3, 1945
[Above: Carl Jung]
[Above: Pat Buchanan]
[Above: Florentine Rost van Tonningen]
[Above: Ferdinand Schörner]
[Above: Rosa Mitterer]
[Above: George Lincoln Rockwell]
[Above: Marcel Déat]
[Above: Heinrich Himmler]
Having read these words, Himmler added: This passage is directly related to our Führer. He did arise during the time when the Germans were in the deepest distress and when they did not see any way out. He belongs to these great figures of light (Lichtgestalt). One of the greatest figures of light reincarnated himself in our Führer.'
-Heinrich Himmler: The Nazi Hindu, in an interview with German cultural philosophers and writers Victor and Victoria Trimondi by the International Business Times, April 10, 2012
[Above: Karl H. von Wiegand]
Aged 34, medium tall, wiry, slender, dark hair, cropped toothbrush mustache, eyes that spurt fire when in action, straight Grecian nose, finely chiseled features, with complexion so remarkably delicate that many a woman would be proud to possess it — with all a bearing that creates an impression of dynamic energy well under control...
This is Hitler... He is one of the most interesting characters I have met...'
-Hearst Newspapers foreign correspondent Karl H. von Wiegand, November 1922
[Above: Robert Ley]
[Above: George Lansbury]
[Above: Adolf Hühnlein]
[Above: Alois Spaniol]
[Above: Dr. William L. Pierce]
[Above: German military postage stamp from Tunisia, North Africa, circa March/April 1943. Click image to see other examples.]
[Above: The stunningly handsome ace fighter pilot Hans-Joachim Marseille.]
At 20 years old Marseille participated in the Battle of Britain, where he strangely scored no notable successes. He was a charming, daring person to all who knew him, and he loved night life. This caused a lot of problems with his flying as he was often too tired to fly the next morning. As a result of this he was transferred to North Africa in April 1941.
His destiny awaited him above the hot sands of North Africa. Under the patient guidance of a new commander, who recognized in Marseille something special, he became a legend.
On September 1, 1942, during the course of three combat sorties he claimed 17 enemy fighters shot down. For this superhuman feat he earned the most coveted awards in Germany: The Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves, Swords, and Diamonds.
Only 29 days later, Marseille was killed in a flying accident, when he was forced to abandon his fighter due to engine failure. Smoke filled the cockpit and he was forced to eject from his plane. Because of the smoke he didn't realize the plane was at the wrong angle and he struck the vertical stabilizer of his aircraft. He probably died instantly, or was knocked out preventing him from opening his parachute.
As one could imagine, it was a terrible blow to the morale of his comrades. The unit had to be taken out of active service for a whole month because of his death.
In his autopsy report, Dr. Bick stated:
'The pilot lay on his stomach as if asleep. His arms were hidden beneath his body. As I came closer, I saw a pool of blood that had issued from the side of his crushed skull; brain matter was exposed. I turned the dead pilot over onto his back and opened the zipper of his flight jacket, saw the Knight's Cross with Oak Leaves and Swords and I knew immediately who this was. The paybook also told me.'
He died unbeaten.
[Above: Marseille receiving the Swords to the Knight's Cross of the Iron Cross with Oak Leaves from Adolf Hitler, July 1942.]
[Above: The final resting place of a hero. The grave of the Star of Afrika, Hans-Joachim Marseille.]
[Above: This pyramid monument was erected by his comrades after Marseille's death. The original monument was withered away by time, so a new one was erected in the 1980s by comrades and even his past enemies who honored him.]
[Above: Mathew P. Letuku, smiling brightly.]
[Above: The Star of Africa and Mathias, a friendship forged under unusual circumstances!]
[Above: 'Machmet Hadaiuhov is a North Caucasian. His tiny people of slightly more than 150,000 inhabitants are Mohammedans. When the North Caucasian territory was occupied by German troops in 1942, it transpired that the Soviet rule had been particularly violent there. Numerous North Caucasians accompanied the German Army when it evacuated the country again. They are freedom-loving mountaineers who have been to a certain extent pressed into the North Caucasian industries by the Soviets, though they take every opportunity to evade this oppression. The North Caucasians are excellent marksmen.'
-Signal magazine, English edition.]
[Above: Volunteer from North Caucasus.]
[Above: Volunteer from the Caucasus with a German MG 34 machine gun.]
[Above & below: August 21, 1942 , National Socialist flag planted on Mount Elbrus, the highest peak in the Caucasus and Europe. This was done by the 1st Mountain Division during the German drive to the Caucasus.]
[Above: The robust men of the 1st Mountain Division on the march.]
[Above: Resting in the snow.]
'The Agent of Destiny'
[Above: Charles Augustus Lindbergh.]
'The Jews are one of the principal forces attempting to lead the U.S. into the war. The Jews' greatest danger to this country lies in their large ownership and influence in our motion pictures, our press, our radio, and our Government. I am saying that the leaders of the Jewish race wish to involve us in the war for reasons that are not American.'
-Charles Lindbergh, September 11, 1941
[Above: Charles Lindbergh and his famous 'Spirit of St. Louis'.]
Lindbergh was the first ever Time magazine 'Man of the Year' in 1927 and remains the youngest at age 25 to hold the title. Tragically his 20-month-old infant son also made the cover of Time magazine in 1932 when he was kidnapped from his crib and murdered. It was a highly publicized tragedy and was often called the 'Crime of the Century'. To this day it is uncertain who the murderer was, despite Bruno Richard Hauptmann being convicted and executed for the crime in 1936.
[Above: Charles Lindbergh on the cover of Time Magazine.]
'I did not feel real freedom until I came to Europe. The strange thing is that of all European countries, I found the most personal freedom in Germany.'
[Above: Charles Lindbergh being presented a sword of honor of the German Air Force by Hermann Göring at Carinhall during his visit to Germany. On the far left is Lindbergh's wife Anne Morrow Lindbergh, 1936.]
[Above: Charles Lindbergh speaking at the America First rally.]
He wrote in his autobiography:
' I was deeply concerned that the potentially gigantic power of America, guided by uninformed and impractical idealism, might crusade into Europe to destroy Hitler without realizing that Hitler's destruction would lay Europe open to the rape, loot and barbarism of Soviet Russia's forces, causing possibly the fatal wounding of western civilization.'
[Above: Charles Lindbergh and America First.]
[Above: Charles Lindbergh in Germany in the 1930s.]
[Above: Charles Lindbergh (third from right) in Germany in the 1930s.]
[Above: Charles Lindbergh (far right) and his wife visit to the Yasukuni Shrine, October 1931. Courtesy of the Japanese magazine 'Historical Photograph', October 1931 issue, published by Rekishi-Shasin Kai.]
[Above: Anne Morrow Lindbergh in Japan, 1931.]
[Above: Anne Morrow Lindbergh.]
After the war, Lindbergh went on to advocate for the preservation of indigenous peoples and endangered species. He spent his final years on the island of Maui in Hawaii and died of lymphoma on August 26, 1974 at the age of 72.
[Above: Charles Lindbergh 'OUR HERO' American air mail envelope from the 1920s/1930s. Click to see other envelopes honoring Lindbergh.]
[Above: This 1998 stamp is one of a handful of times Charles Lindbergh was honored on American postage stamps. Many other countries have honoring him on their postage stamps as well.]
[Above: Kathleen Norris.]
Described as 'delightfully witty, deeply sympathetic, and whole-heartedly sincere. She knows people -- their hearts, their problems, their hopes, their fears, their courage.'
One of her books boasted that she '...has held varied jobs as a school teacher, saleswoman, bookkeeper and society editor for a large newspaper. Consequently, she is a woman of wide experience, who brings to her books an understanding of rich and poor alike which makes her one of today's most popular writers.'
Kathleen Norris used her books to promote traditional values, morality, the importance of family, the sanctity of marriage, selfless charity and the nobility of motherhood.
She was an adamant supporter of The America First Committee, the largest and most popular American isolationist, anti-war group in the USA. The group's main purpose was keeping the United States out of World War Two. Membership reached 800,000 paying members spread over 450 chapters! Two future presidents, John F. Kennedy and Gerald Ford, were supporters and financial contributors of the organization. In one of Kennedy's donations he attached a note which read:
'What you are doing is vital.'
Norris' stiff arm salute (see below) was controversial for many years after, as you can imagine. Predictably the Amerca First Commitee ceased to be after the bombing of Pearl Harbor. The enemy of mankind had gotten what it most wanted: WAR.
[Above: Senator Burton K. Wheeler, Charles Lindbergh, and novelist Kathleen Norris giving a stiff arm salute at an America First Committee rally, New York, October 30, 1941.]
In 1911, after having her first child, she penned her first novel, aptly titled 'Mother'. It became a huge hit and a national sensation, even earning the praise of former president Theodore Roosevelt. Mother was firm in its espousing of traditional values and was stoutly against birth control, which was being pushed more and more at the time.
[Above: Mother sold millions of copies and is still be printed today. Outrageously some of the printings have been censored! Truly insane world we live in. It must have been too wholesome for the publishers.]
[Above: Two of Norris' vast publications.]
Although Norris' exact beliefs toward National Socialist Germany aren't really known, one doesn't have to know they are a National Socialist to be one. Norris held life-affirming beliefs her whole life, and was an immensely positive force for good. Many of the tenets of National Socialism were amongst Norris' most treasured and guarded beliefs. The fact that she spoke at America First rallies and gave the 'Hitler salute' tells us really all we need to know.
Kathleen Norris died January 18, 1966, in San Francisco at the age of 85.
A stiff arm salute right back at ya, sister.
[Above: Ninety-three novels and a cold, dark grave. The last resting place of Kathleen and her husband Charles Norris.]
'Time passes, love remains...'
[Above: Prince Demchugdongrub.]
[Above: Ceremony celebrating the foundation of the new government.]
Also in 1935 the Chinese, who had occupied Mongolia, pulled out its troops. Japanese General Minami met with Prince Demchugdongrub in August 1935, the Prince promised a close alliance with Japan, and Minami promised financial assistance to the Prince.
[Above: Demchugdongrub, second from right, with several Japanese and Mongol dignitaries.]
[Above: Demchugdongrub, middle, with Japanese officers.]
[Above: Demchugdongrub, on the left, with Japanese officers.]
[Above: Demchugdongrub, on a meeting in Japan in 1938 with high ranking leaders.]
Under communist supervision, 'he' wrote nine memoirs and was pardoned 13 years later. After his release from prison Demchugdongrub worked in an Inner Mongolian history museum in Hohhot until his death at the age of 64.
[Above: Demchugdongrub, on a visit to Japan in 1938.]
[Above: Gabrielle 'Coco' Bonheur Chanel.]
Coco was an energetic woman full of drive and determination. Her business acumen quickly shot her up the ladder of the fashion world. Along with being an influential fashion designer, she also was a popular socialite.
[Above: Gabrielle 'Coco' Bonheur Chanel.]
Coco Chanel's childhood was the polar opposite of her later luxurious life. She was born to an unwed mother in a charity hospital, also known under the less forgiving moniker of 'poorhouse'. Her mother found work as a laundrywoman and her father was a nomadic street vendor. In 1884 her parents finally married and had a total of five children together, Coco being the second child born to them.
At the young age of 12, Coco lost her mother to bronchitis. Her mother had been just 31 years old. Her father decided to send the children away, the two boys off to work on farms and the three girls to a convent. The convent's religious order was the Congregation of the Sacred Heart of Mary and it was 'founded to care for the poor and rejected, including running homes for abandoned and orphaned girls.' Coco lived under the strict rule of the convent until she turned eighteen. She then moved into a boarding house for Catholic girls in Moulins.
[Above: Gabrielle in her 20s.]
Coco met a young wealthy French textile heir and ex-cavalry officer named Etienne Balsan. The 23-year-old Coco lived in luxury with him for the next three years. He showered her in gifts of diamonds, clothes, jewelry, etc.
All the gifts however did not keep Balsan's mistress from having an affair with one of his friends, Captain Arthur Edward 'Boy' Capel. Capel was also wealthy and he was integral in Coco's rise to fame in the fashion world. He financed her first shops and even influenced the conception of the distinctive Chanel look. The perfume bottle design for Chanel No. 5 may have been influenced by either Capel's Charvet toiletry bottles or his whiskey decanter. Coco was devastated when their nine year romance ended suddenly when Capel died in a car accident in 1919.
'His death was a terrible blow to me. In losing Capel, I lost everything. What followed was not a life of happiness...', she told a friend twenty-five years after his death.
As Coco Chanel's business flourished and became quite lucrative, it attracted the attention of Theophile Bader who wanted to sell Chanel No. 5 in his department store. He introduced Coco to Pierre Wertheimer who, along with his brother Paul, made a deal with Coco to provide full financing for production, marketing and distribution of the perfume. The Wertheimer brothers got the best end of the deal as they got seventy percent of all profits, Bader got twenty percent, which left a mere ten percent for the creator of the famous scent. 'The bandit who screwed me', is how Coco described Pierre Wertheimer, and for good reason! Much harsher words seem more appropriate for this man...
[Above: Gabrielle 'Coco' Bonheur Chanel.]
It was during this time of German occupation that Coco tried to seek help from the government to get her company back. The Wertheimer brothers who owned the majority of it were Jewish and she hoped the National Socialist government would allow her to have sole ownership after seventeen years of unfair but unfortunately legal business practices by the Jewish brothers. The National Socialists were trying to end all of the unfair usury that had a stranglehold on so many European countries and their people. But alas Coco had no such luck, the two scheming Jewish brothers had handed over her business to a French citizen in anticipation of the laws against unfair business practices. She was out of luck.
Researcher Hal Vaughan claims that he unearthed documents that prove that Coco was actively working with the National Socialist Germans. He says that she worked directly under SS chief of intelligence General Walter Schellenberg. Her goal would be, via her extensive connections with the rich and powerful all over Europe, to try to convince Winston Churchill to not instigate war with Germany. In 1943 she traveled to Berlin with Dincklage to meet with Heinrich Himmler to flesh out the plans to try to calm the fires of war. The plans ultimately fell through and as we all know the war raged to fill the pockets of the profiteers who would hear no offers of peace. Winston Churchill was part and parcel of this group of immoral and bloodthirsty profiteers. When Germany no longer occupied France there were a few attempts to bring Coco to trial for collaboration with the Germans, all to no avail without sufficient evidence.
[Above: Gabrielle 'Coco' Bonheur Chanel.]
SS General Schellenberg faced the unjust Nuremberg Military Tribunal at the end of the war. He was sentenced to six years imprisonment for 'war crimes'. Coco and he must have been good friends and comrades, she even came to him when he got sick with incurable liver disease after his release. She paid for all his medical care and living expenses and financially supported his wife and family. She even paid for his funeral when he died in 1952.
She continued working in the fashion world into her seventies. Coco Chanel died at the age of 87 in 1971 at the Hotel Ritz in Paris.
[Above: The elixir of immortality for Gabrielle 'Coco' Chanel.]
'India adores these men... The hypnotism of the INA has cast its spell upon us.'
-Mahatma Gandhi
[Above: Ex-British army Captain Mohan Singh shaking hands with Major Fujiwara after the creation of the Indian National Army. Circa August 1942.]
Captain Mohan Singh's British battalion, the 1/14 Punjab Regiment, was virtually destroyed in the northern part of the Malaya Peninsula by superior Japanese forces. Singh surrendered soon after.
[Above: Iwaichi Fujiwara (March 1, 1908 - February 24, 1986).]
[Above: A Japanese navy soldier guarding Indian POWs after the fall of Singapore. Circa 1942.]
[Above: Giani Pritam Singh died in a plane crash on March 24, 1942.]
[Above: Giani Pritam Singh and family.]
Finally, the Azad Hind Fauj (Free India Army) was born. Thousands of eager Indian POWs and Indian nationals living in South East Asia joined the cause. By September 1942 the number of volunteers reached 40,000.
[Above: A Japanese officer of the Special Naval Landing Force (SNLF) with an Indian officer of the Indian National Army in Singapore, 1942.]
[Above: Indian freedom fighter and revolutionary leader Rash Behari Bose (May 25, 1886 – January 21, 1945).]
[Above: Rash Behari Bose and his wife Toshiko.]
The Indian National Army floundered until the arrival of another great Indian leader arrived, Subhas Chandra Bose. Bose had arrived from a German U-boot from Germany in June 1943. He had met personally with Adolf Hitler and asked him for advice. Bose told Adolf Hitler that he had great respect for him as a fellow freedom fighter. The leader of Germany told Bose that he would go as close to India as possible--which meant the Far-East. Adolf Hitler arranged a meeting with Japanese officials for Bose.
The great Chandra Bose revived the Indian National Army and the rest is told elsewhere.
[Above: Prem Sahgal.]
India had long been occupied by the British, and naturally it was a dream of every Indian to be free.
Sahgal had years of experience serving the British military, which was no doubt helpful when he joined the Indian National Army. He served as the commander of the 2nd Division and led the 2nd Infantry regiment at Popa (Burma) against General Frank Messervy's 17th Indian Division during the latter half of the Burma Campaign.
The end of WWII and the surrender of the Indian National Army meant imprisonment and trial for its members. Sahgal, like so many others, was put on trial for treason in 1946.
These trials provoked outrage all over India and are now known as the INA trials. The charge of treason was not upheld and India would gain its independence a short time after in 1947.
[Above: Indian stamp from 1997 bearing the images of Shah Nawaz Khan and Prem Sahgal.]
[Above: Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon.]
Dhillon's father was a veterinarian, and he himself dreamed of being a doctor. But alas, he did not pass the examination of the Punjab University in 1933.
Unsure what to do next, it was recommended to Dhillon that he join the military. He joined the Training Battalion of the 10/14th Punjab Regiment on May 29, 1933.
Little did he know, but destiny had chosen him for an important role. He was chosen to be one of the liberators of his country, and one of the brave founders of a modern, free India.
He was paid a mere fifteen rupees per month and was considered an average cadet. But he was anything but average. He spoke Persian, Urdu, Hindi, Punjabi and English.
WWII pulled him into strange lands, under the flag of British Occupied India. After being captured, he would become the nucleus of the newly born Indian National Army (INA). On February 17, 1942, Dhillon joined the Indian National Army.
Ironically, Dhillon was awarded the position of major on September 10, 1942. From a lowly 'average soldier' making 15 rupees a month to a man leading a revolutionary force to free his homeland. A beautiful irony.
In December 1943 Dhillon was appointed second-in-command to Major J.W. Rodrigues in Singapore. He took on his new responsibilities with zeal. Not only did he help raise the 5th Guerrilla Regiment, but he was was responsible for training, discipline, morale, and the general welfare of the troops. His troops would later prove themselves in battle.
[Above: Newspaper article showing Dhillon.]
On August 21, 1944, from Bangkok, he flew to Rangoon on Bose's personal aircraft, the 'Azad Hind'. There he was given the rank of the Deputy Adjutant General and also the Deputy Quartermaster General in the Divisional headquarters at the first anniversary of the Provisional Government of Azad Hind.
Dhillon was in charge of celebrations and a review of the 2nd Division of the INA. A ceremonial parade was held on October 18, 1944. Our 'average soldier' was anything but.
Dhillon remained loyal until the end. He was eventually charged with 'waging war against the King Emperor, and the court was bound to sentence the accused either to death or to deportation for life.'
But we all know that didn't happen. The Indian people rose up all over India. British rule was slipping away. The men of the Indian National Army had planted a seed and they had watered it with their blood.
[Above: Lakshmi Sahgal.]
Sahgal studied medicine and received a degree from college in 1938. A year later, she received her diploma in gynecology and obstetrics. She worked as a doctor in an Indian government hospital until 1940 when she relocated to Singapore. This would prove to be a fateful decision. While in Singapore she met members of Subhas Chandra Bose's Indian National Army. In Singapore she established a clinic for the poor, in her spare time she began to play an active role in the India Independence League.
In 1942, after the shocking Japanese victory in Singapore over the British, Sahgal helped wounded prisoners of war, most of them fellow Indians who were a part of the British Empire's slave colonial army. Many of these men were eager to join the Indian National Army.
[Above: Captain Lakshmi Sahgal and Chandra Bose review women volunteers of the Indian National Army.]
The movement floundered for some time in Singapore until the arrival of the great Subhas Chandra Bose on July 2, 1943. In the following days he spoke of his desire to form a women's regiment of volunteers. Lakshmi and Bose soon met and she was charged with forming a women's regiment, called the Rani of Jhansi Regiment. This regiment was one of the only all-female combat regiments of WWII. Female volunteers eagerly joined and soon Lakshmi was made captain of the group.
Captain Lakshmi was arrested by the British army in Burma on May 1945, she remained there until March 1946 when she was sent to India to be tried with treason.
Indian Independence soon turned Captain Lamshmi and many other Indian patriots from traitors to heroes.
[Above: Captain Lakshmi Sahgal standing beside Chandra Bose in the front row, third from right, with other Indian National Army officers.]
[Above: Art featuring Captain Lakshmi Sahgal.]
[Above: Shah Nawaz Khan.]
Khan was deeply inspired by Chandra Bose and helped recruit other P.O.W.s into the Indian National Army.
Regarding Bose, Khan stated:
'It will not be wrong to say that I was hypnotized by his personality and his speeches.
He placed the true picture of India before us and for the first time in my life I saw India, through the eyes of an Indian.'
Khan was a part of the Cabinet of Arzi Hukumat-e-Azad Hind formed by Bose. Khan was later chosen to lead an elite INA army into North Eastern India, seizing Kohima and Imphal. In December 1944 he was appointed as Commander of the No. 1 Division at Mandalay.
After WWII Khan was tried, along with General Prem Sahgal and Colonel Gurbaksh Singh Dhillon, for 'waging war against the King Emperor' in a public court martial at the Red Fort in Delhi.
He was convicted of treason by the British and sentenced to death, although it would be commuted by the Commander-in-chief of the Indian Army following great unrest and organized protests in India. The British eventually released 11,000 INA prisoners in a 'blanket amnesty'.
[Above: Frederick Wilhelm Kaltenbach.]
Frederick Kaltenbach was born and raised in Iowa. Soon after finishing high school he went on a cycling tour of Germany with his brother. He greatly enjoyed his time there and admired and respected Germany and the German people. While Frederick and his brother were in Germany WW1 erupted and a dark period in human history began.
They returned to the U.S. and Frederick spent the next three years at Grinell College in Iowa. He took a temporary break from his education in June of 1918 and became a Second Lieutenant in the Coastal Artillery. He was honorably discharged less than a year later in April of 1919.
His college education continued at Iowa State Teachers College where he earned his Bachelor's degree in 1920. Before beginning his teaching career he worked as an appraiser for seven years. His first job teaching was in Manchester, Iowa. A few years later in 1931 he took a job teaching high school at Dubuque's Senior High School in Dubuque, Iowa. He taught economics, business law and debate. He also earned his Master's degree in History from the University of Chicago in the early 1930s.
The University of Berlin offered Kaltenbach a scholarship in 1933. He took a two-year leave of absence from his teaching job and moved to Germany. While working on his Doctorate the National Socialist Worker's Party was early in its leadership of the country and Kaltenbach liked what he saw. A country that had been devastated and demeaned by WW1, with incredible poverty and degeneracy was blossoming into something spectacular.
Kaltenbach returned to his teaching job in Iowa and began a club for boys that was inspired by Germany's Hitler Youth movement in 1935. He called the club 'The Militant Order of Spartan Knights'. By this time the propaganda against Germany by the biased media was beginning to accelerate. The school actually terminated his teaching contract because of the club!
With the inability to start a club or even teach in Dubuque, Kaltenbach decided to go back to Germany, the birthplace of this new, intriguing and hopeful movement. He became a freelance writer with occasional translating work for the Reichs-Rundfunk-Gesellschaft (German State Radio).
Kaltenbach found love in Germany and in February 1939 he married a German woman named Dorothea Peters. He got the chance to give lectures at as many places as he could in the United States when the couple honeymooned there. He brought the message of a better way of life through National Socialism and warned that a war with Germany would be a mistake and that the reason the Allies wanted war was solely for financial reasons. When Germany's economy was rebuilt by the National Socialists the world banks could no longer benefit from them. Germany abolished usury and this practice made a small amount of people, mostly Jewish people, rich off of the hard work of the majority. It was a very unfair practice. Why should a small racial minority be some of the richest in the country? And this was happening in almost every country on earth. What if all countries could follow Germany's example? Freedom!
[Above: Fred and his beautiful wife, Dorothea Kaltenbach, possibly on their wedding day.]
When he returned to Germany Kaltenbach began broadcasting the news for the R.R.G's U.S.A Zone. In 1940-1941 he used an innovative way to get his message to fellow Americans with 'Letters to Iowa'. This was a broadcast to the U.S. and was specifically directed toward the Midwest. He opened each program with 'Greetings to my old friend, Harry in Iowa', and broadcast as if it was a letter filled with good advice to his friend back home. He warned that Roosevelt's re-election would be bad for America. It would only bring America into a senseless war with a country that didn't want war. Siding with Britain and enacting the Lend-Lease Bill would also be bad for Americans.
Kaltenbach also did a radio show with another American, Max Koischwitz, called 'Jim and Johnny'. It was a comedy show and presented the message through humor.
Kaltenbach continued broadcasting even after the U.S. declared war on Germany. He hoped to convince Americans to stop supporting the war effort.
Kaltenbach spoke the truth over the German airwaves:
'Franklin Roosevelt has made good. He has finally caught up with the war he has been chasing after for so long...
America can make a fairly comfortable war out of this thing. If she has sense enough to keep her troops at home. To defend America it would not be necessary for a single American to work six days a week and ten hours a day. Why should you give up your auto, your gasoline and your tires to help the English keep Australia?
Regardless of the effect which the glorious deeds of the German military forces is having on other Americans, I am sure it is filling the breasts of Americans of German descent with secret pride. Blood is thicker than water, and it is in times of crisis like the present that one's blood determines one's sympathies...'
[Above: This graphic is taken from a period writing called 'American Traitors Abroad'. It profiled most of the American broadcasters who worked for the Third Reich.]
When Kaltenbach heard the BBC announcement of his indictment for treason, he broadcast a reply on July 30th, 1943, defiantly declaring:
'Technically I suppose I am guilty of treason -- of treason to Roosevelt and his warmongers, but not to the American people...
'To have deserted the German people would have been an act of treason against my conscience. Thus on December 8th, 1941, I was suddenly confronted with the choice of committing a possible act of treason against my native America, or of deserting the German people in their hour of need. If I had taken the easy way out, I could have ceased my broadcasting activities with the excuse that as an American I should not be expected any longer to plead the cause of a country with which America was at war… It was not easy to turn my back perhaps forever on my friends in the United States, never to see the land of my birth again. I made then my choice, and I have never regretted that choice for an instant. Not even now.'
Kaltenbach closed by saying that he had no 'apologies for doing my allotted bit to help the German people to a better future. I am not an enemy of the American people, but I shall remain an impossible enemy of those forces in America who wish to deny Germany her rightful place in the European sun'.
Ending by using a quote from American founding father Patrick Henry: 'If that be treason, make the most of it.'
The U.S. indicted Kaltenbach for treason along with Jane Anderson, Constance Drexel, Max Koischwitz, Edward Delaney, Robert Henry Best, Douglas Chandler, and Ezra Pound, in absentia. Sadly Kaltenbach was one of the millions of victims of the communists. His wife reported to the U.S Army that he had been arrested by the Soviets on May 15, 1945. They refused to surrender Kaltenbach to the Americans and they later revealed that he had died in a concentration camp in October of 1945.
Murdered, no one will ever know what day or how, and like most of the great men and women of WWII who dared to fight the tyrants--he has no grave. But the absence of a grave for these shining souls has a deep and meaningful symbolism: they are not dead. They live in the hearts of all those who dare. Who seek truth.
[Above: Frederick Kaltenbach's college yearbook picture and autograph.]
[Above: This is a proposed sleeve shield design for Slovenian Waffen-SS volunteers. This was taken from a map produced by the SS (Germanische Leitstelle, Amtsgruppe D of the SS-Hauptamt), being one of the last documents produced by the SS foreign volunteers recruitment office.]
The invasion of Yugoslavia was necessitated by a British inspired coup after the government of Yugoslavia signed the Vienna Protocol on the Accession of Yugoslavia to the Tripartite Pact, thus becoming a member of the Axis.
From the remains of Yugoslavia several countries sprang, including Serbia and Croatia, and the body of land discussed here, the central area of Slovenia now known as the province of Ljubljana. It was under Italian administration from May 1941 until September 1943, when the King of Italy betrayed the Axis and joined the Allied side. From then on the Germans quickly occupied The Province of Ljubljana, known as Provinz Laibach in German.
[Above: Sign of The Anti-Communist Volunteer Militia.]
[Above: The brave men of the Anti-Communist Volunteer Militia with Italian soldiers.]
[Above: Ilija Trifunovic-Bircanin.]
[Above: A young Ilija in Chetnik gear, 1907.]
After the emergency change of hands in September 1943 the former general of the Royal Yugoslav Army Leon Rupnik was named president of the province. He established a mostly autonomous provincial administration until the communist takeover in May 1945. It's interesting that the Germans often gave their former enemies not only their freedom, but positions of power. In the case of General Rupnik, leadership of the entire country. The Allies? They hung their former enemies. Unlike the Germans, they had no chivalry whatsoever.
[Above: General Leon Rupnik.]
Rupnik was openly pro-National Socialist even before the war and was also known to be very anti-Jewish. During his time as president he worked actively to see that Slovene culture flourished. A staunch anti-communist, he organized anti-communist rallies where he delivered fiery speeches.
On May 5, 1945, Leon Rupnik was forced to flee to Austria with some of his officials. He was arrested by the British on the 23rd of July and handed over to the communists of Yugoslavia on January 1946. Big surprise, he was sentenced to death for treason after a 'trial' on August 30, 1946. He was murdered by a firing squad on September 4, 1946 at Ljubljana's Žale cemetery, and was dumped the same day in an unmarked grave. But the communist murderers only killed the man, not the truth he held in his heart, and some of his prophetic words live on.
Rupnik gave many speeches and lectures and wrote tracts, some of which still remain. In a lecture he gave in Ljubljana in 1944, entitled 'Bolshevism: a tool of international Judaism' and subtitled 'Jewish endeavors towards global supremacy', Rupnik stated the following:
'The Jews straight dogmatic hatred of all who are not Jewish is finally challenged everywhere by a revolt by the home nation that sooner or later removes all parasites from their country or limits by law their economic, religious and political activity...'
In a lecture at Polhov Gradec, in June of 1944 Rupnik said:
'With solid trust in the righteousness of the leader of Europe, of the German nation, we must calmly and with all fanaticism lead the battle against Jewish global supremacy serving Stalin's and Tito's bandits and their assistants, Anglo-American gangsters'.
At a ceremony in January 1945 where the anti-communist home guard units, or 'Domobranci' swore oaths of allegiance, he said:
'If the German soldier and you, my bold Domobranci, allowed these Jewish mercenaries to flourish, they would yet kill all decent thinkers, believers in the nation and homeland of true Slovenian birth together with their children... These are the nations of Europe, our broader homeland, in whose center the largest, German nation has taken upon itself the struggle against the Jewish corruption of the world'.
[Above: This is a rare color photo of General Leon Rupnik (in black) and home guard members taking an oath.]
[Above: Click on image to read 'In Memory of a Comrade', a commemoration by an SS comrade of Leon Rupnik, from Siegrunen Volume 6, Number 3.]
[Above: Lyenko Urbanchich.]
In June 1944 Urbanchich wrote in the Jutro (Morning) newspaper:
'All those Anglophiles – that word is actually wrong, as they are not Anglophiles, but fruitcakes – must bear in mind that our anti-Communist battle would be all in vain if we were to make such a fatal mistake and take today's Anglo-American invasion troops for anything other than what they are, a Jewish-communist tool'.
Also in 1944 he said in a broadcast on radio Lubiana:
'... it is not important that I speak to you as the youngest Slovene journalist... (what's important is that) the truth which is older than I, which is centuries old (be proclaimed). That is, the truth about all the vile intentions of the chosen people, the 15 million Israeli race roaming the world.'
Urbanchich was a strong supporter of General Rupnik. Further in the broadcast on radio Lubiana he stated:
'... follow our leader, the experienced and homeland-loving General Rupnik, about whom we can say that God himself has sent him to us.... It is our duty to repeat over and over again, to exhaustion, that there is only one way, the way of General Rupnik.'
[Above: Gregorij Rožman.]
The communist Yugoslav government convicted him in absentia in August 1946 of 'treason' for collaborating with the Germans against the communist terrorists.
Saying it was his duty to speak the truth, or else answer before God, he said:
'To the end I will claim and teach that atheistic communism is the greatest evil and greatest tragedy for the Slovene nation.'
[Above: January 30, 1945. Leon Rupnik, Bishop Rožman and SS-General Erwin Rösener review Dombranci troops in front of the Ursuline Church, Lubljana.]
In another pastoral letter published on November 30, 1943, he wrote:
'...only by this courageous fighting and industrious work for God, for the people and the Fatherland will we, under the leadership of Germany, assure our existence and better future in the fight against the Jewish conspiracy.'
[Above: Leon Rupnik, Erwin Rösener and Gregorij Rožman.]
[Above: Gregorij Rožman greets a Waffen-SS comrade.]
[Above: 1000 lira note from Laibach. These notes featured one side in Slovenian and the other side German. Circa 1944. Very rare.]
[Above: Close-up of 1000 lira note. Color difference is probably a scanning variation.]
[Above: Envelope from the German administration of Laibach. Note the stamps are overprinted Italian stamps.]
[Above: Envelope from the Italian occupation of Laibach. This envelope, from 1941, bears overprinted Yugoslavian stamps. The overprint reads 'Co. Ci' which stands for 'Commissariato Civile'. Click to see other examples!]
[Above: A one lira currency note from 1944.]
[Above: Party badge of the Swedish NSAP.]
[Above: NSAP badge variation]
[Above: Sven-Olov Lindholm (February 8, 1903 - April 26, 1998), leader of the 'Swedish National Socialistiska Arbetare Partiet', or NSAP. Lindholm helped to recruit Swedes for the Waffen-SS.]
[Above: Sven-Olov Lindholm.]
[Above: Sven-Olov Lindholm (middle) at a speaking engagement.]
[Above: Indoor NSAP meeting]
[Above: Four Swedish members of the NSAP visiting Nuremburg for the National Socialist festivities.]
[Above: The NSAP on the march in Mariestad in 1935. Note their flag -- a blue base background with a yellow swastika, as seen below.]
[Above: Flag of the NSAP.]
[Above: Female NSAP marching in a rare color photograph.]
[Above: NSAP youth marching in another rare color photograph from the same parade as above.]
[Above: NSAP men at a rally in Stockholm. Note the many different styles of pole tops, circa 1935.]
[Above: NSAP party headquarters in Stockholm, circa 1934. Click to see another view.]
[Above: NSAP art showing the historical progression of Sweden's warriors.]
[Above: Nordic Youth logo.]
[Above: Nordic Youth membership book.]
[Above: Sven-Olov Lindholm inspects the ranks of the Nordic Youth.]
[Above: Nordic Youth's Storm Torch (Stormfacklan) newspaper with Norway's Vidkun Quisling on the cover.]
[Above: Day badge, or 'tinnie' of the Swedish Socialist Party (SSS). These type of badges were often sold to fund projects or charities.]
[Above: The Irminsul]
[Above: This work was done by Wolfgang Willrich during the Third Reich. Here you can see the Irminsul accompanied by other runes and symbolism.]
[Above: An SSS meeting in Scania (Scania is the southern most province in Sweden).]
[Above: Song book of the Svensk Socialistisk Samling (Swedish Socialist Party, SSS). The SSS organization was called the Nationalsocialistiska Arbetarpartiet (NSAP) until 1938.]
[Above: An SSS outdoor rally.]
[Above: A beautifully crafted day badge from May of 1939.]
[Above: An SSS flag flying in Hangö (or Hanko in Finnish, it is a bilingual port town and municipality on the south coast of Finland), 1941.]
[Above: An SSS poster for an event in Stockholm in 1941.]
[Above: Membership card of the Solkorset 'sun-wheel' group, 1938-39.]
[Above: Stationary header of Bruna Gardet (The Brown Guard). The Brown Guard was formed in 1941.]
[Above: Membership card for The Sveriges Nationella Ungdomsförbund (The National Youth League of Sweden, or 'SNU').
Click the picture to see other cards, circa 1940-1970.]
The leader of the NSB was Colonel Martin Ekström. The party had ties to the Swedish upper class, but remained relatively small until its demise.
[Above: National Socialist Bloc (NSB)]
[Above: Martin Eugen Ekström.]
[Above: 1935 poster for the Nationalsocialistiska Blocket (National Socialist Bloc).]
[Above: A stunning NSB Faithful Cross award.]
[Above: SNSP party pin.]
[Above: Birger Furugård]
[Above: From left to right, Birger Furugård, Adolf Hitler and Joseph Goebbels. Circa late 1920s.]
[Above: A very early photo of Birger Furugård and Hermann Göring in Lillsveden, Sweden.]
[Above: Another early photo in Lillsveden, Sweden.]
[Above: Birger Furugård's snowy gravestone.]
The following year the party changed its name to the 'Swedish National Socialist Peasants and Workers Party'. In 1930 Furugård's party merged with the 'National Socialist People's Party of Sweden' and formed the 'New Swedish National Socialist Party'. Furugård was 'Riksledare', or National Leader, of the party. Soon afterwards the party changed its name to 'Swedish National Socialist Party' (SNSP). In March of 1931 Adolf Hitler and Joseph Goebbels were invited to speak at a public meeting in Sweden, but the police chief in Stockholm refused to give them permission. That's 'democracy' huh?!]
[Above: Men of the SNSP.]
[Above: An SNSP man from Stockholm ties the knot, 1932. Unlike most of the marriages of today this one probably didn't end in divorce!]
[Above: SNSP party program, circa 1930.]
[Above: German Embassy in Sweden flying the National Socialist flag at half mast on the day Adolf Hitler passed into eternity.]
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Third Reich Photographs
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Third Reich Philatelia
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Third Reich Ephemera
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Third Reich Awards
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Third Reich Miscellanea
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Third Reich Identification Books
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Third Reich Currency
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The Great War
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Hand of Pandora
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Waffen-SS Technical Information -|-
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The European Volunteer Movement in WWII -|-
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Copyright -|-