(C) Mourning the Ancient

'We should have but one desire today, the desire to die so that India may live.'
-Chandra Bose

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[Above: Chandra Bose as a student in England preparing for his Indian Civil Service entrance examination, 1920.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose. Circa 1936.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose with his Generals.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose in garlands.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose and unknown others.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose, the determined voice of a free India.]

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[Above: Bose took the oath of allegiance to the Provisional Government of India on October 23, 1943, proclaiming: 'I, Subhas Chandra Bose, will continue this sacred war of freedom till the last breath of my life...']

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[Above: Bose making a radio broadcast on July 6, 1944.]

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[Above: Bose, far left.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose and the future leader of India, Nehru.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose and George Lansbury (October 25, 1932 – October 8, 1935). Landsbury was a lifelong pacifist and Leader of the Labour Party of Britain. He also supported Indian and Irish independence.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose with Legion commander Major Krappe (right)]

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[Above: Chandra Bose(far right) beside Legion commander Major Krappe]

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[Above: Chandra Bose and Legion commander Major Krappe]

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[Above: Chandra Bose and Legion commander Major Krappe]

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[Above: Chandra Bose meeting Heinrich Himmler. Circa 1943.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose meeting Heinrich Himmler. Circa 1943.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose meeting with Heinrich Himmler. Circa 1943.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose meeting with Heinrich Himmler. Circa 1943.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose meeting with Heinrich Himmler. Circa 1943.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose meeting with The Grand Mufti of Jerusalem Mohammad Amin al-Husayni in Berlin, Germany. Circa 1943.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose reviewing his Azad Hind volunteers.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose reviewing his Azad Hind volunteers.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose reviewing his Azad Hind volunteers.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose reviewing his Azad Hind volunteers. Circa 1942. Courtesy of the Bundesarchiv.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose and Legion commander Major Krappe reviewing Azad Hind volunteers.]

[Above: Chandra Bose is in the foreground]

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[Above: Chandra Bose eating with his men.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose with the Azad Hind.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose with the Azad Hind.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose speaking at the inauguration of the Indo-German Friendship Society in Hambburg, 1942.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose and Captain Werner Musenberg on the deck of submarine U-180 en route to Japan.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose on the deck of submarine U-180 en route to Japan.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose and Captain Werner Musenberg.]

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[Above: The crew of the Japanese submarine I-29 after a rendezvous with the German submarine U-180 300 sm southeast of Madagascar; Bose is sitting in the front row, second from left. April 28, 1943.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose, front and center, with members of the 'Azad Hind Fauj', or the Indian National Army (INA). Singapore, October 21, 1943.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose and Lakshmi Sahgal, the Minister of Women's Affairs in the Azad Hind government, at the camp in Bras Basah Road. Bose is seen here reviewing an Indian National Army female combat regiment -- one of world's first. In the background one can see the former apothecary building and the arched verandahs of what later would be the Soon Chong Leong building at the corner of Bras Basah Road and Bencoolen Street.]

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[Above: Young women recruits. The women's regiment attracted numerous recruits from the working class in Singapore and Malaya. Bose deeply believed that if he had one thousand recruits as courageous as Lakshmi Sahgal he could drive the British out of India.]

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[Above: Bose spoke to his women volunteers in Rangoon, saying in part: 'Sisters, there is no sphere of our activity in which our women have not gladly and bravely shared the burden of work...']

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[Above: Female volunteers in the Indian National Army]

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[Above: Female platoon in the Indian National Army]

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[Above: Female volunteers of the Indian National Army during rifle training]

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[Above: Chandra Bose reviewing INA volunteers.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose reviewing INA volunteers of the Gandhi Brigade of Azad Hind Fauj. The INA regiments were named 'Gandhi Brigade', 'Azad Brigade', 'Nehru Brigade' and 'Subhas Brigade'.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose reviewing INA volunteers.]

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[Above: INA soldiers on the march in the rocky area of Assam. Note the placard one of the them is holding in the background, which is most likely the image of Bose.]

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[Above: On October 25, 1943 Bose addressed his new army of liberation: 'Comrades! The Azad Hind Fauj has only one single aim: the liberation of Mother India; the Fauj has only one destination: the ancient Red Delhi Fort!.... The Provisional Government and its Army are the servants of the Indian Nation.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose giving a speech.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose speaking with Japanese comrades.]

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[Above: Bose (left) and his staff officers examine campaign details.]

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[Above: Participants of the Greater East Asia Conference Held in Tokyo, Japan, Nov 5-6, 1943.
Left to right Ba Maw (Burma), Zhang Jinghui (Manchukuo), Wang Jingwei (China), Hideki Tojo (Japan), Wan Waithayakon (Thailand), José P. Laurel (Philippines), Subhas Chandra Bose (India).]

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[Above: Participants of the Greater East Asia Conference joined by others.]

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[Above: Subhash Chandra Bose speaking at the Greater East Asia Conference.]

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[Above: Wang Jingwei looking on while Hideki Tojo and Subhas Chandra Bose shake hands.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose (second from right) toasting with Japanese leaders.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose (third from right) toasting with Japanese leaders.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose visiting with Japanese and Chinese officials in Lin Baisheng and Chu Minyi in Nanjing, November 1943.]

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[Above: Chandra Bose lighting a cigarette.]

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[Above: Bose photograph inscribed while in Japan in 1943.]

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[Above: Bose having a smoke in Tokyo, November 1943.]

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[Above: Bose with unknown others.]

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[Above: Subhas Chandra Bose with his brother Sudhir Chandra Bose and his Brother's wife. Circa 1939.]

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[Above: Subhas Chandra Bose recieving Madeleine Slade (Mirabehn) in Dalhousie. Bose was recovering from a recent illness and Gandhi had sent her to enquire about his health. Circa 1937. Mirabehn (November 22, 1892 - July 20, 1982) was the daughter of the British Rear-Admiral Sir Edmond Slade. She left her homeland of Britain to live and work with Mohandas Gandhi toward the independence of India. For her work Gandhi gave her the name 'Mirabehn', after Meera Bai, the great devotee of Lord Krishna.]

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